Decreased hormone levels in men and women with age. Lack of testosterone can result in the occurrence of erectile dysfunction. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS), menstrual cycle irregularities, Peri-menopause syndrome, etc. due to hormonal imbalance. When headaches during menstruation, may be a sign that hormones are not balanced anymore and hormones send the signal to the glands to try to overcome this (Excerpted from: maca, adaptogens & Hormonal Regulator, Beth M. Ley, Ph.D).

Hormone imbalance can be caused by internal factors (hormonal cycle, genetic disorders, the growth of tumors in the gland, age, etc.) and external (outside the entrance of hormones from the body, either intentionally, for example: the consumption of tablets / creams / injections of hormones, whether or not intentionally, for example: dietary deficiency, pesticide contamination, the modern animal husbandry products, plastic products, carpets, drug use steroid groups, the condition of stress, unhealthy lifestyle and so forth.
Hormonal imbalance will result in the emergence of a variety of health problems such as: menopause, testosterone deficiency in men, erectile dysfunction, lack fertility in men and women, thyroid gland disorders / mumps, hiperandrogen, including a number of problems around menstruation, and so forth.

SOME PROBLEMS RESULTING IN MENSTRUAL Imbalance HORMONE
Menstruation (period) / period / coming months is the bleeding that occurs repeatedly every month (except during pregnancy), occurs in the uterus of a woman because of the decay process of the uterine lining (endometrium). The menstrual cycle is a complex form of balance between body, mind and emotions. Regulated by hormones and the moon – your menstruation cycle can be a source of overall health (helping you to balance your body and emotions and act as a compass for your life) or the source of major discomfort and pain when the hormones that regulate menstrual function that in unequal conditions.

A number of menstrual disorders caused by hormonal imbalance include: premenstrual syndrome (PMS), menstrual pain (dysmenorrhea), irregular menstrual cycles, the volume (too much / little) and the duration (too long / short) abnormal bleeding and other forth.

Premenstrual syndrome ( PMS)
PMS is the physical symptoms, psychological (emotional) and behavior that often occurs in a woman’s menstrual cycle, ie 7 – 14 days before menstruation and will be lost as they start menstruating. PMS generally occurs in women age 14 – 50 years with various symptoms and changes in each woman from month to month. At least 85% of menstruating women experience at least 1 of PMS symptoms (American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologist). There were identified 180 common symptoms of PMS which includes physical and psychological symptoms, but the most frequently reported are:

Physical symptoms

Psychic Symptoms and Behavior

* Headaches / Migraine
* Breast pain / swollen / hard
* Tired / tired / lethargic (Fatigue)
* Disturbed sleep (Insomnia)
* Stomach cramps / bloating
* Diarrhea / constipation
* Headache
* Joint or muscle weakness / weak
* Backache
* Incurred acne
* Cramping of the bladder
* Swelling of legs and knees
* Limbs leg / knee to swell
* Weight loss rises
* Change of appetite, increased appetite (especially for sweet foods, salty) or decrease
* Easily hurt / anger, mood changes
* Crying a sudden
* Changes libido
* Concentration and memory decline
* Anxiety, depression, aggressive

Causes of PMS
The exact cause of this syndrome’s appearance is unclear, but hormonal factors in women who viewed the body most responsible for the occurrence of PMS. PMS is the result of defective ovulation process caused hormone imbalance. There are several theories about the cause of PMS, including:

* Hormonal factors, namely the imbalance between the hormones estrogen and progesterone.
* Estrogen Dominant (excessive estrogen hormone) that apart from internal factors also could because xenoestrogen – estrogen that comes out of the body such as the modern farm products, pesticides, plastics, carpets, etc. (Dr. John R. Lee, MD).
* Another theory states that based on the research, the response due to the way PMS estrogen and progesterone (hormones of menstruation) interact with brain chemicals (serotonin)
* Genetic differences in sensitivity of receptors and messenger systems that deliver the sex hormone expenditure in the cell. Another possibility, is associated with disturbances feelings, psychological factors, social problems, or serotonin function experienced by patients.
* Dealing with hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels are abnormal / Hypothyroid)
* Dealing with pituitary hormones, prostagalandin, and neurotransmitters in the brain
* Because of lack of intake of vitamin B, calcium and magnesium

Risk-enhancing factors PMS

* Women who have given birth (PMS more weight after giving birth some children, especially if he has experienced a pregnancy with complications such as toksima)
* Marital status (married women have PMS more than that yet)
* Age (STDs more frequently and interfere with age, especially between the ages of 30 to 45 years)
* Stress
* Too much consumption of sugar, salt, coffee, tea, chocolate, soft drinks, dairy products and processed foods
* Lack of nutrients vitamin B (especially B6), vitamin E, vitamin C, magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese, linoleic fatty acids.
* The habit of smoking and drinking alcohol
* Lack of exercise and physical activity
* Obesity

Source: (Summary On the Net, Dr. Elvina Karyadi, MSc, Nutritionist Comunity, SEAMEO TROPMED UI)

PMDD (premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder)
Psychological symptoms of PMDD is a more extreme form of PMS, such as the deep sadness felt during PMS even get up the desire to commit suicide. PMDD occurs anywhere in the 3% – 9% of women. “This is a real biological condition in which women who experience it requires special treatment that is effective,”-Jean Endicott, PhD, Director of premenstrual Evaluation Section at Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center

Source: (womenshealth.gov U.S. Dept of Health and Human Services, Office on Women’s Health)

Dysmenorrhea
Dysmenorrhea is pain / cramps that occur at 24 hours before the bleeding period and can be felt for 24 to 36 hours. Dysmenorrhea is divided into 2 types:

1. Primary dysmenorrhea / Menstrual Pain Primer
The cause was uterine contractions because of increased hormone prostaglandin
2. Dysmenorrhea Skunder / Skunder Menstrual Pain
The cause is abnormalities such as endometriosis pregnancy, inflammatory disease in the pubic area cavities, inflammation of the fallopian tube, abnormal perlengketan between organs in the abdomen, the use of IUD

POLIMENORE
Hemorrhage Polimenore is roughly the same or more than normal volume of menstrual bleeding with menstrual cycle length is less than 21 days per cycle. The cause is a hormonal disorder causing interference with the process of ovulation or a shortened luteal phase of menstrual cycle, the dam of the ovary caused by the inflammation / infection, endometriosis

OLIGOMENORE
Bleeding volume Oligomenore is less than normal volume of menstrual bleeding with menstrual cycle length of more than 35 days per cycle.

Amenorrhea
Amenorrhea is the cessation of / no occurrence of menstrual bleeding, at least 3 months in a row with the menstrual cycle menstrual cycle extends from the classical (oligomenorea).

HIPERMENORE
Is the Hipermenore menstrual bleeding too much and lasted longer than normal (more than 8 days). The cause is a tumor of the uterus (uterine uteri), uterine contraction disorders, endometrial polyps uteri, disorders of the endometrium lining uteri release at the time of menstrual bleeding

HIPOMENORE
Is Hipomenore menstrual bleeding less than usual, but it does not interfere with fertilitasnya. The reason is hormonal endocrine disorders and disorders of the uterus

Excerpted from: Problema Menstruation, dr. H. Hendrik, M. Kes ()

Regular menstruation is a sign of hormone balance, with the assumption that we are not pregnant, breastfeeding, or menopause. Regular menstrual period indicates that we are in week (called the Venus Week) to prepare for ovulation. Hormone that starts the first day of such period lasted help us be in the best condition. On the third or fourth day of menstruation, we are getting better conditions.

Unfortunately, not all women can feel regular menstrual. There are erratic menstrual come, or felt the pain was so great. Even if our regular menses, but blood flowed in copious amounts, is also a sign that we are having menstrual problems. Various issues surrounding this period if allowed can affect our fertility.

Basically, there are four types of menstrual problems that often occur in women:

1. Painful menstruation or dysmenorrhea. “The first Dysmenorrhea associated with increasing levels of natural chemicals in the body during ovulation, which causes pain,” wrote Mary Jane Minkin, MD, in Women’s Health for Life. “Dysmenorrhea both a sign of an underlying disorder.” This second Dysmenorrhea affects women who had never before menstruation.

Reproductive disorders, endometriosis, or fibroids can cause menstrual pain, and the only way to know for sure the cause is checked out to the doctor. Dysmenorrhea symptoms include pain in the lower back or legs, abdominal cramps, or pain in the pelvic bone. Menstrual problems may indicate infertility. So the sooner you know, the better.

2. Menstruation is very great, or menorrhagia. Hormonal imbalance or uterine abnormalities can cause menstrual blood volume is very high, but Dr. Minkin said that the cause is not always clear. If you menstruate for seven days or more, and blood came out no longer accommodated by the bandage, then chances are you suffer from menorrhagia. Blood clot was also normal, but blood clots in large quantities is a sign of heavy periods.

Menorrhagia cause anemia, so make sure you consume enough iron. Of lean meat, green vegetables, cereal, oatmeal, boiled soybeans, and other nuts, are sources of iron are good. You may need medication from a doctor to deal with excessive menstrual or anemia, but make sure your doctor knows if for example you are trying to get pregnant.

3. Irregular menstruation, or oligomenorrhea. Menstruation is not predictable arrival including normal, but if this happens in your first year of periods and during perimenopause (the years before menopause). Hormone imbalance or disorder also causes irregular menstruation, which can affect fertility and your chance to get a baby. Dr. Minkin suggests to record the menstrual cycle to see if the disorder is still considered normal, because what is normal for one person may not be normal for another. “Fortunately, most of the problems of menstruation is a small problem, and can be treated,” he explained.

4. Absence of periods or amenorrhea. If you do not menstruate for three months, chances are you’re pregnant. But other causes could also be because you have amenorrhea, perimenopausal, or menopausal. “The most common cause of the absence of menstruation is pregnancy,” explains Dr. Minkin. “Amenorrhea is also a side effect of illness, stress, exercise too hard, or losing weight too much.”

So if you’re not a period, means you do not ovulate, or release eggs each month. If you are not ovulating, then you also will have difficulty pregnant. Consult a physician for the diagnosis and treatment of amenorrhea. Avoid diet and exercise that is too tight.

source: kompas.com

It is estimated that there are> 5 million Indonesian women who had entered menopause per year (data from BPS, 2008) where approximately 68% of them experienced symptoms of the climacteric (menopausal complaints) but only 62% of those who ignore these symptoms. Menopause itself is defined as a period after 12 months without menstruation (amenorrhoea). Menopause usually occurs at the age of 50 years and over. At this time the body has some biological changes that cause a sharp decline in ovarian function (ovarian) of which is decreased production of sex hormones, especially estrogen significantly. Declining levels of estrogen in the body greatly affects quality of life of women, although symptoms can vary in every woman.

Hormonal changes result in the emergence of this body symptoms such as joint pain & pain in his back, drying of the vagina (so ill during sexual intercourse), difficult to hold urine, mood disorders & high emotions so stressful, but it decreased estrogen levels also cause trend of increased blood pressure, weight gain & increased cholesterol levels. In the long-term decline in complaints due to estrogen levels can cause osteoporosis, coronary heart disease, Alzheimer type dementia, stroke, colon cancer, tooth loss & cataracts.

For most women these complaints, especially that intersect with everyday life can have negative impacts on the quality of life & self-confidence. For that we need appropriate treatment of menopausal deal. Currently the most effective medications to treat the symptoms of menopause & well as the prevention of osteoporosis is the estrogen hormone-based therapies that aim to replace the decline in estrogen that occurs at menopause. And for menopausal women who still have a uterus (womb) then the combined therapy with progestogen.

In addition it is important to remember that our lifestyles are affecting youth menopausal symptoms will be felt later. Here are some tips to stay healthy when entering menopause later, namely:

1. no smoking (if they try to quit smoking),
2. do not drink alcohol,
3. frequent exercise regularly,
4. eating healthy foods (especially those derived from soya beans as a source of phytoestrogens) &
5. enough sunlight.

Finally we can say that menopause is a natural thing that will happen to every woman. His arrival is not scary as long as we can sensibly event of complaints, visit the doctor to get treatment.

One gene Ancestors
Menstruation and growing breasts are signs that show changes a girl into a woman.

“Menstruation is a sign of the primary, while the growth of breasts is a sign of secondary,” he said. Irsan Hanafi, Sp.OG, obstetrician from the hospital in Jakarta.

Absence of periods since puberty to adulthood, he said, could be categorized as primary amenorrhoea. This sexual hormone disorders occur because of genetic problems.

“It could be the sperm and egg parents were okay. But, when sperm and egg meet and begin cell division, there was interference, “he said.

Not yet known what caused the disruption of this cell division. According to Drs. Irsan, parents of sex hormones may be normal, but it could be they are a carrier or carriers of genes that problem. “So maybe the problem with hormones is his great-grandfather and the gene is carried on each offspring. Abnormalities are not always appear, may not appear in the umpteenth descent, “he explained.

That is why a woman is not menstruating or not grow breasts until adulthood. If menstruation does not occur, could breast growth stunted.

Did not rule out also the problem associated with the male chromosome is more dominant than female chromosomes. “So after a physical examination congenital abnormalities seen in the genital system, such as not have a uterus or vagina. It could also be a bulkhead on the vagina and cervix are narrow, “he said.

Founder Not Cancer
This case is not dangerous for women. No studies that say that this condition can trigger a disease, especially cancer.

However, this condition is of course difficult to make a woman pregnant. “Menstruation woman’s fertility signs. If you are not menstruating, how to know their fertility? It needs to be done for a medical examination to determine whether such conditions could be helped or not, “he said.

Pass a medical examination, will be known whether it is primary or secondary amenorrhoea. Secondary amenorrhoea is the condition of a menstruating woman and had suddenly stopped until at least three consecutive months.

Cause they are different. In the case of secondary amenorrhoea, breast might grow. “But, that does not mean the breast primary amenorrhoea certainly not growing at all, you know,” said Dr. Irsan.

Diagnosis results clearly affect the handling procedures. “In secondary amenorrhoea, still could be helped by hormone therapy,” he added. What about primary amenorrhoea? “Because due to genetic factors and chromosomes, there is no way to overcome.

Medical expert must explain the condition and help the patient in order to accept his condition with the patient, “he said. (kompas)

A recurring concern is when menstruation does not occur (amenorrhoea). It has 2 forms: primary amenorrhoea, when menstruation does not take place in puberty, menstruation and secondary amenorhoea stopped for several reasons. If menstruation had not happened may happen any delay puberty or associated with hormonal problem. While amenorhoea, the main cause could be due to pregnancy, but if not, emotional factors may be responsible for the occurrence of cycle disturbances. Eating disorder, especially anorexia nervosa, can cause amenorrhoea. This is often a result of stress-for example, after leaving the house, change jobs or business heartbreak. Visiting the doctor to perform a simple test will show whether a woman is pregnant or not; conversely, the rare periods in general is not a concern. In a menstrual cycle is shown, the quantity of menstruation may not be equally, elongated or occur in different time intervals. Menstrual pattern is described as metrorrhagia. Excessive menstrual called menorrhagia.
In young women, serious problems in the reproductive system is rare and most of the problems that often arise as mestruasi heavy or painful periods can be treated with tablets and one examination, which may involve checks pelvic (vagina), can show a convincing reason.

Contraceptive effects
It is estimated that, during the reproductive years, some problem of menstruation may be associated with contraceptive choice of women.
Contraceptive pill works by interfering fall to control ovulation by piutitary, if this is done properly, according to the instructions, ovulation will not occur at all. Ovulation occurs at the end of each packet, when the pill was stopped for seven days. But bleeding that occurs is not including natural menstrual; an artificial this happens because the decline in entry progerteron and estrogen. The bleeding is usually lighter than normal menstruation, and menstrual pain is usually reduced. Sometimes the bleeding may arise between periods when women were taking the pill; is usually an indication of hormone doses in the pills are too low for him. If the bleeding does not end after one or two months, doctors usually prescribe a pill with a dose of the hormone progesterone is higher. However, bleeding sometimes occurs because the consequences and should be reported to the doctor.
Mini-pill, or progesterone only pill, works a little differently than usual pills. Ovulation may still be continuing; pill works by inhibiting the depletion of cervical mucus is usually in mid menstrual cycle so sperm can not move into the uterus. Irregular bleeding is common effects of this pill, but this is not an indication of the decline efectivity. There may be a small amount of menstrual bleeding: menstruation sometimes appear more often. Women who take this mini-pill should make a graph of menstruation and other bleeding that may appear, to show to the doctor. If bleeding becomes a nuisance, doses higher pill may be prescribed.
Progesterone may also be provided with a single injection for longer action every three months as a contraceptive. Again, menstrual irregularity is common. Menstruation often stops altogether after the second or third injection, although in the early weeks after the first injection and bleeding that often occur irregularly.
Women who use the roll (IUD or intra-uterine device) are likely to experience heavy menstrual slightly. This may be realized in the first few months after the roll is installed, but the periods will stop then. However, if an IUD causes some discomfort or heavy bleeding, the IUD should be removed and other contraceptive use. Your doctor or family planning clinic can advocate for you.

When to visit the doctor?
Four important issues and will give you a reason to visit the doctor early on. Here is a very long period and the weight that occur in ordinary time (menorrhagia); bleeding after intercourse; bleeding from the vagina between periods; bleeding from the vagina after MONOPOSE. All of these symptoms, despite minor problems, can sometimes be an early symptom of cervical cancer, which can be cured if diagnosed and treated at an early stage.
Women get older, menstrual disorder is often associated with reproductive organ diseases. Diagnostic tests, such as D & C, appears to address this possibility; better may be treated with synthetic sex hormones such as progesterone. At monopose, periods usually become more-and more often, before it finally stopped. This is normal and necessary for further treatment.
Frequent disorder at this time is menorrhagia (heavy periods). The doctors often try to prescribe hormonal pills to control weight of these diseases. Unfortunately this treatment does not always work, and a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) may be recommended as an alternative. This is a difficult decision to make patients. He must decide whether the symptoms are strong enough to undergo major surgery, or he’s getting ready to tolerate heavy menstruation.

Disorders and menstrual disorders there are actually many things, namely:

Menstrual pain (dismenorrhoe)
At the time of menstruation, women sometimes experience pain. The nature and level of pain varies from mild to severe. For the weight, commonly called dismenorrhoe. The great state of pain that can interfere with daily activities.

Menstrual pain there are two kinds:

* The primary menstrual pain, arising from the first period and will heal itself over time, precisely after stabilizing the hormones the body or change the position of the uterus after marriage and childbirth. Menstrual pain is normal, but can be excessive if it is influenced by psychological and physical factors, and as stress, shock, constriction of blood vessels, chronic disease, anemia, and decreased body condition. The symptoms are not dangerous to health.
* Menstrual pain secondary, usually only appear later, ie, if there is a disease or disorder such as persistent uterine infection, cysts or polyps, tumors around the womb, uterine abnormalities that interfere with the position of the organ and surrounding tissue.

Pre menstrual syndrome

PMS (pre menstrual syndrome) or pre-menstrual symptoms, can accompany before or during menstruation, such as:

* Feeling lazy to move, the body becomes weak, and easily tired.
* Increased appetite and likes to eat food that tastes sour.
* Emotions become unstable. Usually easy women moody, sensitive, and other negative feelings.
* Experiencing stomach cramps (dismenorrhoe).
* Head pain.
* Fainting.
* Weight loss increases because the body storing water in large numbers.
* Sore waist.

If you have PMS, we can do things like the following:

* Reduce salty foods such as fried potatoes, beans and spicy foods, to reduce excess water retention.
* Reduce the food in the form of flour, sugar, caffeine, and chocolate.
* Add food that contains calcium and high doses of vitamin C, a week before menstruation.
* Consumption of fiber and drinking water multiply.
* If the menstrual bleeding quite a lot, multiply eating foods or supplements containing iron to avoid anemia.

Some things we can do to cope with abdominal pain during menstruation, namely:

* Apply with a hot water bottle (warm) on the part that felt cramped (can be in the belly or the back of the waist).
* Warm water bath, may also use aromatherapy to calm down.
* Drink warm beverages that contain high calcium.
* Brushing, rubbing your stomach or a sore hip.
* Take a position so that the uterus depends down. This can help relaxation.
* Take a deep breath slowly for relaxation.
* The drugs used should be based on doctor’s supervision. Can drink analgesic (pain relief) that many are sold in drug stores, provided the dose is not more than 3 times a day.

Other menstrual disorders, namely Amenorrhoe or not getting your period at all. There are several things that can be the cause, namely:

* Called by imperforata Hymen, the hymen is not perforated so that the menstrual blood to exit blocked. Usually these things in mind when the woman’s time period but have not got it. He complained abdominal pain each month. It can be overcome with the operation to pierce her hymen.
* Menstruation anovulatoire, the stimulation of hormones that are not sufficient to form the uterine lining does not occur until menstruation or only slightly. Lack of stimulation of these hormones causes the endometrium is not formed, and this situation has led to women not because of the fertile eggs are not formed. The treatment is hormone therapy.
* Amenorrhoea secondary, usually the patient has never before menses. This is caused by various conditions such as hypotension, anemia, infection, or weakness in general body condition. In addition, can also be caused by psychological stress. If these conditions occur, you should immediately consult a doctor.