Exercise during four hours in a week can lower the risk because the sport can improve the immune system and decrease the level of estrogen in the body.

• Can a healthy diet prevents breast cancer?

oPilih diet low in calories and nutritious. Foods that contain high calories may increase the risk of developing breast cancer. Fats trigger the growth of the estrogen hormone can stimulate tumor growth. The contents of the diet with fruits and vegetables.

• Smoking was the trigger breast cancer?

The study did not find cigarettes as a cause of breast cancer. It is still further investigated. However, if you’ve been diagnosed with breast cancer, smoking can lower survival rate.

• Alcoholic beverages increase the risk of breast cancer?

Alcohol can increase the risk of developing breast cancer. Drinking more alcohol, the higher the risk of developing breast cancer.

• How often should I perform Breast Self Examination (BSE)?

At least once a month to do BSE. Notice if there are changes in size, there are bumps, grooves, wrinkles on
changes in the breast or nipple.

• Does a family history affect breast cancer risk?

If the grandmother, mother, son or sister (a very close family relationships) are affected by breast cancer, mammography did five years before the age they are diagnosed with breast cancer. Or check with your doctor immediately if there are unusual changes.

• Is there a relationship between menstruation with breast cancer?

You are at high risk if your menstrual cycles start early ie before the age of 12 years, no children, first child after age 30, or menopause after age 55.

• How often do we have to do check ups?

Do it every year. But if there are unusual changes in the breast, immediately visit the doctor. Do not delay.

• Is mammography painful?

Mammography is the examination of the breast using X-ray Discomfort arising from the breast is pressed mammograms only for a moment. Better time to do the mammogram is one week after menstruation when it is completed because the breast feels softer.

• Who should perform mammography?

Women aged 40 years and over

• What should be taken when doing mammography?

If you’ve never done mammography or other breast examination, simply carry identity cards. However, if the team had already been, take the results / previous mammogram films (if any), place and date of mammography, biopsy reports or other reports. Radiology Specialist you will compare it to a new report.

• Are the results of mammography may be granted immediately after the inspection?

No, the film will be sent to the radiology specialist for the observed results. Therefore, it takes 3-4 weeks from the date of mammography before you are given the results.

• Is mammography safe?

Yes, mammography is safe. Mammography uses low doses of radiation. Pressure on the breast for a few minutes will not cause adverse effects on the breast.

• accurate is mammography?

Mammography is the best way to detect breast cancer early because it can detect a lump that is too small to
perceived themselves. But 10% of cancers are not seen by mammogram. This is due to:
1. Located in the breast that mammograms difficult to detect.
2. Hidden in normal breast tissue.
3. Not visible because the growth of cancer cells does not affect or alter the surrounding normal tissue.

• Can mammography to determine a lump is cancerous or not?

Mammography is useful in finding a lump in the breast, but mammography can not determine whether the lump is cancerous or not. Biopsy is necessary to take the network so the network can be investigated whether it is cancerous or not.

• Do all women need to do a mammogram?

Mammography is usually not recommended for women under the age of 40 years because at that age, the breasts more dense, making it difficult to identify small changes that occur. More advisable to do the ultrasound.

source : http://www.pitapink.com/id/tanya-jawab.php

Breast pain (mastalgia) is a common thing. Approximately 70% of women will experience it at some point in their lives. And the pain in the breast is most severe medical problem for doctors and patients.

Begin your search for information from as much about the pain. When you decide to go to a doctor, would be very helpful if you could explain whether this pain keep you experience. Because it is often associated with hormonal changes or liquid storage at the time you’re menstruating or direct pressure on the nerves of the neck or chest.

Another factor that can cause disease in the breast is the birth control pills, hormone replacement therapy, weight gain, and BH is not in accordance with the breast. Women who experience pain in the breast after breastfeeding, it is advisable to speak to a doctor or consultant.

Some women feel sick because of water retention, and not related to menstrual periods. This observation led the researchers to find the cause of the environment or nutrition, but have not found clear answers. Maybe someday, we can find women who lack certain vitamins and is associated with diseases of the breast, but until now there is no evidence that there are vitamins that can be overcome. But many also say that their pain reduced by taking Vitamin B6, Vitamin B1, and Vitamin E.

The second hypothesis, called the “hypothesis methylxanthine” emphasizes that caffeine, a methylxanthine found in coffee, tea, cocoa, and cola may be associated with water retention, cell proliferation, and ultimately pain in the breast. (Methylxanthine also found in some asthma medications) Although this is a plausible mechanism, trials conducted to some of the women given caffeine or placebo tablets in random order, stating no link between caffeine to feel the pain in the breast.

Some women say that by wearing a good bra, like a sports bra, even at night to help reduce pain. There is also a reduced entry of sodium, reduced eating fatty foods, eat birth control pills, and weight loss.

A clinic in Cardiff, Wales, found that by using evening primrose oil (a natural form of gamolenic acid) can relieve pain around 44-58 percent of women who experience it. Evening primrose oil can be purchased at health food stores, each capsule contains 500mg. It is recommended to drink two times six capsules daily. Take a few moments before the impact of evening primrose oil can be felt, and it is recommended to do a trial period of four months. If after four months of reduced pain, continue the use of one to two months and beyond. This method is not recommended if you’re in the pregnancy because it can cause miscarriage.

Another option is medication over-the-counter pain. Normally, you are encouraged to talk to your doctor about prescription medications more effective, but also prone to side effects. Two drugs that are often used to cope with pain in the breast is Parlodel (bromocriptine) and Danocrine (danazol).

In a double-blind trial placebo-controlled randomized, Parlodel lowering prolactin levels and certainly effective in reducing pain in the breast that are repetitive. Side effects include dizziness, abdominal pain, headache, fatigue, vomiting, and constipation. You can reduce the likelihood of these side effects ranging from a low dose, then add a dose, and the end use of low doses of the most appropriate for you. Parlodel is not advisable to consume if you’re using birth control pills.

Treatment to cope with pain by using steroids, Danocrine, effective in reducing pain in the breast. Very effective at low doses, such as 100mg per day. The side effects are found in most women who consumed high doses (600-800mg/hari) is as increasing breast size, heavier sound, guttural, raspy throat, weight gain, bloating and swelling, sweating, vaginal dryness, burning, itching -itching, bleeding, depression, irritability, and changes in menstrual period. Danazol also can not be consumed if you’re using birth control pills, are pregnant, or breastfeeding.
Drug tamoxifen, a hormonal treatment for breast cancer, also proved effective in reducing pain in the breast. Dosage is 10mg/hari. Usually provided for experiments during three months, it is recommended to continue the use if the pain is still felt after stop taking taxomifen.
If not found a fundamental cause of pain in the breast, and if there is pain in certain areas of the breast, a local anesthetic injection can be done even with steroids, if necessary.

It is not easy to do research on pain in the breast, because the pain often goes away by itself. Many women experience pain very once in his life. Usually lasts for a few months ago reduced and just disappear. Therefore, the doctor will ask how long have you experienced these symptoms and will not prescribe pain medication until you have up to three months or more.

I experience pain, bleeding from the left breast and found a lump under the nipple. Is this a sign my breast cancer?

To stop the bleeding of the nipple is troubling, and this should you check with your doctor. But this is not really an emergency.
Rather than go to a doctor in the disease, you should visit a specialist breast. An expert in dealing with breast disease. Depending on the form of a lump, breast disease specialist can perform ductogram, procedures by which a substance is inserted through the tubes and x-ray done on these vessels. Ductogram allows the surgeon to recognize the part where the issue of blood vessels and to determine whether there are obstructive vessels. (Imagine if a rusty pipe inside and unobstructed. When the rust is off and out of the end of the pipe, the water that comes out looks cloudy). Ductogram should be done in breast imaging centers that have been experienced. In some cases, ductogram may be unnecessary. Especially there jka lumps, bumps and even a covered vessel.

Cessation of bleeding may occur because of intraductal papilloma or tumor vessels within the area where you feel a lump under your nipple. This is usually referred to as spontaneous bloody nipple discharge. Sometimes occurred that resulted in the dismissal of pre-cancerous conditions or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). But this rarely happens. Only 4% of spontaneous bloody nipple discharge is found associated with breast cancer. However, it is important to check this is to see a doctor.

When you are pregnant, bloody nipple discharge do not need to worry about. Currently many of the growth of cells within the vessels and it is unusual to have bloody discharge. Also to be noted that smoking, hypertension, birth control pills, and tranquilizers can cause bleeding at the nipple because the things that stimulate prolactin, a hormone that affects the period of lactation. So if you smoke, drink a sedative, you must tell your doctor

Breast care was also needed to be healthy and beautiful. Abnormalities in the breast occurs in various forms. Some are caused by congenital factors, or because the abnormality hormone. According to dr. Sonar Soni Panigoro, SpB.K-Onk of Tumor Surgery Clinic Swadana RSCM, Jakarta, in broad outline disorders in female breast is divided into five groups, namely:

1. Breast Infections

These infections are divided in two, infection in the breastfeeding and the infection that often occur. Infection can be caused by germs or viruses from outside the entrance into the body. Usually, breasts will appear swollen and the pain complaints. Breast infections are more common in women who are breastfeeding. The reason is, breast milk is the most fertile medium for the growth of disease germs. If there are obstacles in the process of spending the milk, the bacteria become easier to enter.

Women who are breastfeeding often complained of fever. In addition, the breasts will be sore. If the infection is severe, can be popped like pimples. However, it is quite possible infection also experienced women who are not breastfeeding. This is due to the entry of bacteria in the lining of the breast gland.

2. Congenital abnormalities

Human breast really like the animals. Humans have six pairs of breasts. The position will be the forerunner of the base starts breast armpit to the groin. At 10 weeks gestation, this will be lost, except on the left and right chest. In some people, these phases could be hampered. This can cause the breast to grow more than a pair. Therefore, some women have more than a pair of breasts. In fact, this is sometimes equipped with additional breast nipple as well.

Large-extra small breast gland is too varied. More often, the presence of breast glandular lumps on one side of the armpit. But, there is also a breast glands are not formed completely, or the development of both breasts is not normal.

Women with such disorders are usually not comfortable with her body condition. Not rare, inherited disorders is to make a woman lose her self-confidence. Your doctor will take steps aesthetic surgery. According to Sonar, the emergence of additional breast gland is also to be carefully watched. “You see, breast lumps that grow as these additional possibilities could develop into tumors.”

3. Hormone Status

Hormonal disorders quite often complained by women. Arising from pain and soreness in the breast. Complaints often occur before the menstrual period or when you arrive. “The pain varies, there is a common pain, but there’s also an incredible pain,” said Sonar.

Prepared the body to produce breast milk in late pregnancy. When menstruation, breast condition is influenced by female hormones. “This makes the breast feels more solid and firm. Quite often accompanied by the appearance of lumps, other liquid out of both nipples.” Sonar assuming a hormonal disorder is a reaction to the fair. “Except when they appear extreme pain, you should immediately visit the doctor.”

4. Neoplasms, Tumors

Tumors were benign and malignant divided. “During these 30 years, more patients in Indonesia after the doctors came to his having entered the tumor advanced stage,” said Sonar. That of course resulted in medical treatment given is not maximal.

5. Other disorders

One is the trauma to the breast. “Trauma can occur because of the concussion in the breast,” said Sonar.

CHECK ON AGE

Abnormalities in the breast is more prevalent in women over 35 years. However, it is quite possible abnormalities also appear in women under 35 years old. Therefore, Sonar suggested that a routine inspection. “For screening for presence of breast tumors,” he said. In the medical world, there are three steps to detect abnormalities in the breast, ie, BSE (Breast Self-Check), USG (Ultra sonography) and Mammography, which is different at each age level.

# Age 20s
BSE can be done by every young woman who has got menstruation and breast glands begin to form. BSE can be done independently at home, can also be a doctor. “This is because early-stage breast lumps are often not seen and not felt.” BSE is detected early to know the changes that may occur in the breast.

# Age 30s
Women above 30 year fixed advised to check the condition of the breast by BSE. In addition, Sonar suggested that conduct investigation, including ultrasound examination. ‘The use of ultrasound may be more extensive, for young women up to advanced in years.

# Age 40s
Apart from BSE and checked through ultrasound, women aged 40s should also do X-ray or mammography. ‘Mammography is more restricted. This tool can only be used for women aged 40’s, which has reduced breast firmness, because mammography is used to view the entire structure of the breast. If the breasts are dense, it is more difficult to detect through mammography abnormalities, “said Sonar.

Actually the use of the term disease is not quite right here because this state is not a disease.
The situation is very often found in normal breast and is a normal variation.

Fibrokista changes are common causes of breast lumps in women aged 30-50 years.
Changes fibrokista is not a malignancy.
Minimum 60% of women during their reproductive period have a breast lump as a result of changes fibrokista.

CAUSE
The causes related to breast tissue response to changes in estrogen and progesterone that occurs every month during the reproductive years of women.
Every month during a menstrual cycle, breast tissue to swell and return to normal. Hormonal stimulation of breast tissue to hold water and cause breast milk glands and channel widening.
At this time the breast was swollen, painful and has a lump
After menstruation, breast swelling usually decreases adan less breast pain and has no lumps. Because it was the best time to to check the breast is at 70-10 days after menstruation (when the breast tissue under normal circumstances).

Usually fibrokista changes occur in both breasts, and more rarely found in women who use birth control pills>
Risk factors are family history fibrokista changes with similar circumstances and diet (eg fat and caffeine intake is excessive).

SYMPTOMS
1. Symptoms can include: a lump of solid with irregular shapes.
2. The nature of breast pain or loss arising settled
3. Breasts felt full
4. Pain dull and heavy
5. Swelling and tenderness before menstruation
6. Breast pain is reduced after each menstrual period.

Symptoms can be mild or severe and reaches its peak just before menstruation and disappear immediately after menstruation.

DIAGNOSIS
Diagnosis based on symptoms and physical examination.
On examination of palpable breast masses will be moved, circular shape with a smooth surface.

# Checking is usually done; Mammography
# Ultrasound breast.

TREATMENT
If lumps remain, may need to do a biopsy (removal of tissue for examination under a microscope).

To reduce pain, patients should not consume coffee, tea, chocolate and soft drinks. Also can be used pain reliever.
The pain can also be reduced by warm compresses and appropriate use of BH. Sometimes given vitamin E.

To reduce the symptoms can be given birth control pills.
In severe cases sometimes given danazol.

Sometimes the lump should be removed surgically.

But as a newly married couple, may still lay with the signs of pregnancy that are sometimes a sign that was ignored. There are some things that become common signs of pregnancy come.

Late menstrual

Menstruation experienced by women at least once a month. This menstrual periods vary in each woman; there is the 28-day menstrual period, there was a longer or even shorter. However, regardless of one’s long menstrual periods, in which there must be fertile period, culminating in the day-to-12 to 18.

If you do sexual intercourse during the fertile right, of course, will happen fertilization. Egg fertilization his wife by the husband’s sperm cells will result in a pregnancy, and this will stop menstruating. The delay in the arrival of menstruation or no menstruation for several months is often a sign of pregnancy.

If you experience it, get a pregnancy test done. Consult a doctor, because if there is delay or do not menstruate at all, but not pregnant, there may be abnormalities in the reproductive system.

Nausea

Some women feel morning sickness in early pregnancy, at least at three months (trimester) first. This sickness is thought to be nature’s way to protect the prospective mother and the fetus from toxins that may be contained in the food you eat the mother. Usually this is accompanied by a high appetite too, but after eating again thrown.

Ways to prevent nausea is exaggerated by always providing a snack crackers. Do not forget to also drink plenty of water.

Frequent urination

Once occupied by the fetal uterus of the baby, the mother’s body will experience hormonal changes. With filled uterus by the fetus, the uterus will grow automatically as the development of the fetus. This enlargement of the uterus will put pressure on the bladder causing the bladder as quickly feels full.

So, if the mother is often wake up at night to urinate, it is one sign of pregnancy. If found positive, begin to regulate urination schedule taking into account the distance to the bathroom and pee time, because the greater the pregnancy will be more frequent urination.

Pain in the breast

Pregnant women will experience hormonal changes in her body, that’s why even the breast area will experience some changes. With the development of hormones of lactation, the mother will experience changes in breast shape.

Breasts become more sensitive, slightly larger and softer. Milk glands in the breasts larger and more blood flows into the breast, causing the fruit often painful breasts. To reduce pain, may be compressing cotton sprinkled with cold water.

Tired

The process of pregnancy is a process of growth of the fetus in her womb. Although not visible, but there are ‘activities’ in the mother’s body which causes the mother quickly got tired. This is because the mother’s body there is now ‘additional burden’. That fatigue can be so great that the mother really feel ‘lazy’ to do any activities. This is caused by hormonal changes on the way to 9-month pregnancy.

But, you know guns, a pregnant woman who was resting was working as hard as someone who’s run a marathon?

Emotional changes

As a result of hormonal changes, emotional stability was also affected. A pregnant woman generally experience up and down emotionally, causing her mother often ’sensitive’ and ‘easy to explode’. So, if there was a young mother who had suddenly calm often grumpy, maybe that’s one sign of the presence of pregnancy

Are you pregnant? Real evidence can be seen in pregnancy tests. But you can expect – or hope – that you are pregnant, even before you menstruate late, if you experience one or more signs and symptoms of pregnancy. Here are the signs that can be seen in the first weeks after you become pregnant.

Breasts or nipples are sore, swollen
One of the physical changes experienced during pregnancy is a change in the breast. Your breasts will feel heavy, sore or painful when held. Or it can also feel more full and more severe. In the first two weeks after the pregnancy begins, your breasts begin to grow and change as

preparation for producing milk. The main cause of this change is the increased production of the hormones estrogen and progesterone. Changes in your breasts will be seen more clearly when you are pregnant for the first time.

Fatigue
Many women who feel drained during pregnancy, especially in the early days. This may be a natural way to persuade expectant mothers to take more time to sleep, in preparation for the nights where he could not sleep in the days to come. But There is also a physical reason for this fatigue.
In the first weeks of pregnancy, your body works very hard – pumping hormones and producing more blood to carry nutrients to your fetus. To accommodate this increased blood flow, your heart pumps harder and faster. In addition, the hormone progesterone which is a natural depressant of the central nervous system, so the amount of this hormone in the many causes you to feel sleepy. As tambahahan, the possibility of pregnancy can cause feelings of worry that can absorb your energy and cause sleepless nights.
Fleck of blood or abdominal pain
Some have spots or a little bleeding during early pregnancy, around 10 or 14 days after conception. Known as bleeding due to implantation, which occurs when cells that have been fertilized egg attach itself to the uterine wall. Such bleeding usually occurs earlier, fewer and lighter color than the usual blood came out at the time of menstruation, and the only briefly.

There is also experiencing abdominal pain or cramping early in pregnancy when the uterus begins to enlarge. The pain was just like pain during menstruation.

Nausea with or without vomiting
Morning sickness is the classic signs of early pregnancy. Most of nausea began to feel around the fourth to eighth week of pregnancy, but vomiting may begin on the first two weeks after the pregnancy.

Although nausea and vomiting during pregnancy is commonly known by the name of morning sickness – vomiting in the early days, but in fact can occur at any time. Apparently this occurs because the drastic increase in estrogen levels produced by the placenta and fetus. This hormone causes the emptying of the intestines move more slowly, which could be causing this problem. Pregnant women are also known to be more sensitive to smell, so various kinds of smells – like the smell of cooking, coffee, perfume or the smell of cigarette ASAP – can trigger nausea.

Do not like or want to eat a certain food
Turn your nose from a particular food is usually the first signs that you are pregnant. Even the smell of certain foods can cause nausea in early pregnancy. One study says that pregnant women usually do not like the smell of coffee in the early weeks of pregnancy. Meat, dairy products containing sharp and spicy food is the object that usually most unpopular at the time of pregnancy.

One specific food cravings are also common. Like other symptoms of pregnancy, the desire to eat certain foods can be caused by hormonal changes. Pregnant women usually experience changes in appetite, especially in the first half, as a result of hormonal changes is still very strong.

Frequent urination
Many pregnant women who feel that they become more frequent trips to the toilet than usual. In the first trimester of pregnancy, this is because the enlarged uterus pressing toward your bladder.

Headache
If you are pregnant, you may interfere with your frequent mild headaches. In early pregnancy, headaches may be caused by increased blood circulation caused by hormonal changes.

Constipation
Constipation or difficult bowel movements is one early indicator of pregnancy. Increasing the amount of progesterone hormone cause slow digestion, so food can enter more slowly into the digestive tract, which can lead to constipation.

Mood changes
You are not the kind of woman who is sensitive – so why could cry to see Hallmark commercials? The flood of hormones in your body in early pregnancy can cause you tremendous emotional and weepy. Changes in mood, from happy to sad, too common, especially in the first trimester.

Feeling dizzy and floating
Feeling dizzy and floating common in pregnant women. This sensation is usually the result of changes in the circulation when blood vessels in your body dilate and your blood pressure decreases. In early pregnancy, dizziness can also be caused by low blood sugar.

Basal body temperature increases
Your BBT is the temperature taken orally when you first wake up in the morning. This temperature will be slightly increased after ovulation and stay at that level until you get the next menstruation. If you frequently record your BBT to determine when you ovulate, you will see that the increase during the two weeks leibh means you are experiencing pregnancy. In fact, basal body temperature will remain high during your pregnancy.

Are you really pregnant?
Unfortunately the signs and symptoms early on not only dedicated to indicate a pregnancy. There are some that indicate that you are sick or your menstrual period will soon begin. And, conversely, you could be pregnant without experiencing symptoms as above.

However, it would be nice if you see one of the signs are there on the list above, immediately do a home pregnancy test, especially if you do not record your menstrual cycle or if your cycles are always shifting away from one month to the next. Also do not forget to keep yourself well. Who knows you really are bodied two.

source: http://www.sehatgroup.web.id/

First:
Congenital breast disease. From birth there is disorder in the form and nature of the breast.
For example, four breast, or breast enhancements elsewhere.
Anomalies like this are rare, and generally not dangerous.
Another example: breast size is not as big

Second:
Inflammation of the breast. Breasts may be inflamed by many things.
Perhaps because of an abscess or pus deposits in the mammary gland,
There is a blockage or ducts, and the most frequently encountered mammary gland infection
In women who are breastfeeding. We called mastitis.

Third:
Benign breast tumors. The most common form of cyst (fluid-filled balloon-like).
Cyst itself there are several kinds. There were cysts in the mammary gland, there are also other parts.
If overall in the breast, cysts can be big

Fourth:
The most we fear, ie breast cancer or mammary carcinoma.
Cancer in Indonesia is classified as second cancers after cervical cancer
(Cerivis carcinoma uteri), which are malignant.
If the mother breast cancer, these cancers are decreased in children as well.
Often occurs in women who do not have children

Examination of what needs to be done?
After the doctor physically examine the breast, mammography examinations
Is a routine way to detect the existence of something in the breast.
But this examination is now in doubt because often inaccurate.
If the tumor size was too small, often undetectable,
And can also be a false positive. Should not be a tumor, reads as tumors.

Review with biopsy examination is the gold standard for confirmation of what is really growing in the breast.

The Origin of Cancer

Cancer is a condition in which cells have lost control and the normal mechanisms, so that experienced abnormal growth, rapid and uncontrolled. Cancer cells continue to divide, and ignores the rule of law, breeding laws. Cancer can occur from various networks in various organs, such as skin cells, liver cells, blood cells, brain cells, stomach cells, intestinal cells, lung cells, urinary tract cells, and various other body cells. In line with the growth and breeding, cancer cells form a mass of malignant tissue to infiltrate nearby tissue (invasive) and can spread (metastasize) to the entire body. Cancer cells formed from normal cells in a complex process called transformation, which consists of initiation and promotion stages.

At the initiation stage occurs a change in the genetic material of cells into malignant cells fishing. Changes in the cell’s genetic material is caused by an agent called carcinogens, which could be chemicals, viruses, radiation (irradiation) or the sun. But not all cells have the same sensitivity to a carcinogen. Genetic abnormalities in cells or other materials, called the promoter, causing the cells more susceptible to a carcinogen. Even the physical disruption of cells can make to become more sensitive to having a malignancy.

In the promotion phase, a cell that has undergone the initiation will become malignant.
cells that have not passed the initiation stage will not be affected by the campaign. because it takes several factors to the occurrence of malignancy (combination of the sensitive cell and a carcinogen).

By the time a cell becomes malignant, often the body’s immune system can destroy malignant cells before it multiplied and became a cancer. However, if the immune system does not function normally, the body tends exposed to the risk of cancer, as happens in people with aids, people who use immune-suppressing drugs and in certain autoimmune diseases. But the immune system was not always effective, so that sometimes the cancer can still penetrate this protection even if the immune system function normally.

In almost all types of cancer, the success rate of therapy was associated with stage at diagnosis and treatment. The higher stage at diagnosis, the success of therapy could decrease with treatment modalities increasingly aggressive.

Cancer Risk Factors

It is known that a set of genetic and environmental factors may increase the risk of cancer. Factors that may increase the risk include: family history is one of the most important factor to remember cancer can be influenced by genetic abnormalities. Some families may have a higher risk for certain cancers when compared with other families, such as risk women for breast cancer increased 1,5-3 times when his mother or sister had breast cancer.
Some breast cancer associated with a specific genetic mutation, which is more often found in some ethnic groups and families. Women with this gene mutation have a 80-90% chance of registration for breast cancer and 40-50% for ovarian cancer, such as found in 1% of Ashkenazi Jewish women. Other cancers that tend to be inherited in families is skin cancer and big colon cancer.Example, chromosome abnormalities someone with down syndrome, which has a 3 pieces chromosome 21, have a risk of 12-20 times higher for leukemia akut.Some Environmental Factors environmental factors may increase the risk of cancer, one of the most important thing is smoking. Smoking increases the risk of lung cancer, mouth, larynx (vocal cords) and the bladder.
Other environmental factors such as excessive exposure to ultraviolet light, particularly from the sun, causing skin cancer.
In addition, r adiasi ionization (which is carcinogenic) that are used in x-rays, generated from nuclear power plants and atomic bombs and can reach very long distances, also can increase the risk of cancer. For example people who survived the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in World War II, has a high risk of occurrence of leukemia. Exposure to uranium miners also increase the risk of lung cancer 10-20 years later, and the risk will be higher if the miners are merokok.Foods also other important risk factors for cancer, particularly cancers of the digestive tract. For example eating foods that contain lots of smoked foods and acidified (in the form of pickles) can increase the risk of gastric cancer. Alcohol drinkers also had a higher risk of throat cancer.
If someone ate high-fiber foods, it can reduce the likelihood of colon cancer. Reduce fat to less than 30% of total calories, would reduce the risk of colon cancer, breast and protat.Many chemicals known to cause cancer and many others are suspected of causing cancer. Exposure to certain chemicals may increase the risk of cancer after a few years later, such as asbestos exposure can cause lung cancer and mesotelioma (pleural cancer), and skin cancer usually found in paint workers and workers who clean the chimney because of the content of hydrocarbons . Staying risk the cancer also varies based on where a person lives. For example, the risk of colon cancer and breast cancer in Japan is low, but this increased risk in Japanese men living in America and will eventually have the same risk amount with the other American citizens. Uniquely again, the Japanese have an incidence rate of gastric cancer is very high, but the Japanese people who were born in America this figure is lower.
Geographical variations in cancer risk is likely to involve many factors, namely a combination of genetics, food and environment. Viruses known to cause cancer in humans and other viruses suspected of causing cancer. This cancer-causing virus called oncogenic viruses. For example, papilloma virus that causes genital warts is probably one of the causes of cervical cancer in women, cytomegalovirus causes Kaposi’s sarcoma, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C can cause liver cancer, although it carcinogens or promoters are not known.
In Africa, Epstein-Barr virus causes Burkitt’s lymphoma, whereas in China these viruses cause nose and throat cancer. It was clear, that some additional factors (environmental or genetic), required for the occurrence of cancer caused by Epstein-Barr virus. Some human retro virus, such as HIV virus, can cause lymphoma and blood cancers lainnya.Infection by the parasite schistosoma (bilharzia) could cause bladder cancer because of the occurrence of chronic irritation of the bladder. But other chronic irritants do not cause cancer. Infection by clonorchis, which mainly are found in the far east, can cause cancer of the pancreas and empedu.Hormones channel is a substance produced by glands regulate body activities organs. Diethyl stilbestrol, an artificial sex hormone commonly used to fatten cattle, proved to be the cause of cervical cancer, breast, and other means of reproduction.
In some studies, it is known that administration of certain hormones can cause excess cancers in organs that influence, such as breast, uterus, ovaries and prostate. The influence of hormone that can cause cancer can not be known with certainty. Cancer Epidemiology

Over time, the risk of cancer also changed. Cancer that had often found it rarely happens. For example in America, in 1930 gastric cancer 4 times more common than now. Meanwhile, the incidence of lung cancer in the United States in 1930 was 5 of every 100,000 people increased from 114 per 100,000 in 1990, and this figure soared to the women. This change is almost certainly the result of the increased use of cigarettes, not least in women. Smoking also causes mouth cancer rise.

In a study of cancer epidemiologik, is expected to increase 99% in 2010 patients in developing countries than in 1985. Whereas in developed countries, increasing the number of patients estimated that only 38%. This suggests that cancer becomes a serious problem in developing countries in the future.

In Indonesia, the problem of cancer seen incredible spikes. In the 10-year period, shows that cancer ranks as the cause of death rose from rank 12 to rank sixth. Every year there are estimated 190 thousand new patients and a fifth will die of this disease. But the cancer death rate is actually can be reduced 3-35 percent, from prevelensi action, screening and early detection. For example with a pap smear tests for women who have been sexually active can reduce mortality rates of cervical cancer. For the record, if a person convicted women with cancer that the cancer into the category of stage one, the life expectancy of the next five years will reach 90 percent. Stage two, 65 percent, stage three, 15-20 percent, and the fourth stage of his life expectancy less than five percent.

Age is also an important factor in the occurrence of cancer. Some cancers, such as Wilms tumor, acute lymphocytic leukemia and Burkitt’s lymphoma, a lot of attacking a young age. But most of the cancers occur in much older people. Prostate cancer, stomach and colon, most likely to occur after the age of 60 years. In America, more than 60% of cancers are diagnosed in people aged over 65 years.
overall, the risk of cancer in the United States increased 2-fold every 5 years after the age of 25 years. Increased risk of cancer in old age may be a combination of increasing the amount of time and increased exposure to carcinogens and further weakening the immune system due to age.

Always ‘Watchful’

The earlier cancer is found, the greater the hope of healing. Identify and note the seven danger signs in WASPADA. More information consult your doctor if there is one of the following signs that do not heal in a few weeks. Signs to watch out and shortened to WASPADA are:

W: Left large bowel or small custom changes or disturbances

A: Tools disturbed digestion and hard to swallow

S: Hoarseness or a cough that does not heal

P: The breast or elsewhere bump

A: Andeng-andeng (mole) has changed its nature, becomes larger and itching.

D: Blood or abnormal mucus out of the body
A: The sore or ulcer that does not go away

In the early stages, the cancer to grow without causing symptoms or complaints. This often causes people who have cancer do not realize it. When you have symptoms or give the complaint, normally the disease has continued. Therefore, if there is palpable lumps or other abnormalities such as found in alert although it does not interfere, and the need to watch out for suspected cancer to prove if it was not cancer.

source : http://dinkesbonebolango.org/

In addition to diseases especially women experience, such as menstrual disorders, pregnancy, and menopause, women are not spared from other common disease. Here are some specific diseases bullet woman noted.

Breast disorders

Many women who have a lump in the breast. In general, lump in the breast that spread does not require treatment, but if the pain should really pay attention. Breast self-examination is recommended once a month after the menstrual period.

Lump in the breast.

* The majority of breast lumps are not cancer, but to make sure they have checked with your doctor. There are two types of lump or tumor is a solid tumor and the tumor or a fluid-filled cysts called. Solid tumor derived from fibrous tissue (fibrous) called fibroadenomas. Typically, fibroadenomas will move when pressed. In general, the fibroadenoma is not removed unless necessary enlarged and cause problems or if the tumor is doubtful origin. Breast cyst filled with fluid, can be aspirated with a needle. Sometimes the cysts can grow again, so doctors recommend to check periodically. When a tumor or cyst was being sucked is not filled with fluid, the doctor will perform a biopsy (tissue sampling through surgically) and examined with a microscope, if the lump is cancerous or not. For menopausal women, when found a lump in the breast that lasted more than a week, or reddish color, painful or enlarged, must immediately went to the doctor.
*

Pain in the breast.

* The breasts may feel sore because of mastitis caused by infection or inflammation. Mastitis usually attack only one breast. If both breasts feel sensitive during the week before menstruation, probably it is a symptom of pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS). Increased levels of progesterone hormone thought to stimulate breast tissue, causing swelling, pain and tenderness. Pain in the breast without a lump, usually not a serious problem. But if the pain does not occur periodically or difficult, you should consult a doctor.

Menstrual disorders

* Menstrual disorders are the most common issues and common problems ever since he entered the woman’s fertile period. Variety of symptoms that made her uncomfortable.

Menstrual pain.

* Painful menstruation is the most common symptoms occur. During menstruation, women feel pain in the lower abdomen, sometimes extends to the hips, lower back, and thighs. There is even a feeling of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or pain. If there is no gynecological disorders, pain is called primary dismenorhea. Caused by high levels of prostaglandin, a substance that makes the uterus contract muscles to remove the walls that are not to be used as a growing fetus. Despite the pain, the primary dismenorhea harmless, and usually will disappear in the middle ages to the 20th or after delivery. The pain caused by gynecological disorders is called secondary dismenorhea. The cause is benign tumor on the lining of the uterus (fibroids), or diseases transmitted by sexual intercourse, endometriosis, pelvic inflammation, or cysts in the ovaries.

Irregular menstruation.

* Menstrual irregularities may occur due to hormonal changes, are suffering from pain, excessive aerobic exercise, or weight change drastically.

Bleeding between periods.

* There was spontaneous or due to stimulation of excessive sex. Generally this is not serious bleeding, which can also occur due to variations in hormonal cycles, stress, or change adjustment of the new pill.

Pre-menstrual syndrome.

* Usually occurs due to physical changes in the adolescent growth or changes in emotion becomes an adult.

Interference with reproductive

* Disturbances in the reproductive machinery is also the problem that is often disturbing, because the area is most vulnerable sensitive infection.

Fluid from the vagina.

* The liquid that comes out of the vagina is one of the symptoms of inflammation of the vagina (vaginitis), which is usually caused by infection or a change of bacterial flora which normally is in the vagina. Other symptoms of itching, irritation, pain during sex, pain in lower abdomen, bleeding, and odor from the vagina. There are three germs cause, the parasite Trichomonas (Trichomoniasis is called), fungi, and bacteria (bacterial vaginosis). Trichomonas infection of the parasite is transmitted through sexual contact, causing the liquid smelling greenish yellow, and sometimes frothy. Fungal infections make the symptoms of itching, and white discharge. Disturbance is called a discharge occurs in many pregnant women, diabetics, people with anemia; or are taking antibiotics, cortisone, and birth control pills. While bacterial vaginosis infection is usually a discharge gray that smells.

Endometriosis.

* Endometriosis is a disorder of reproductive system that gives the symptoms of menstrual pain, menstrual cramps, pelvic pain during sex, pain during bowel movement or urination. Patients often experience severe pain, but there is not experiencing anything. One possible cause is interference with the immune system, ie cells that serve to clean the uterine wall is not so used, throw it away along with the process of menstruation. However, there is little tissue from the lining of the uterus lining (endometrium) is loose and immigrated to the outside of the uterus through the ovarian funnel (falopian). Tissue is then grown in other pelvic organs, pelvic wall, outside the ovary, or ovaries channel. During menstruation, blood from a small network that is absorbed by the surrounding organs, causing inflammation. Tissue injury from inflammation of the other one will be sticking together to form a blockage in the ovaries and channels, thus causing infertility.

Disorder of the urinary tract

* Urinary tract infections can occur in every woman, and tended to increase with the existence of sexual activity. Sexual relationships, pregnancy, and urination disorders make women potentially affected by a urinary tract infection with symptoms of pain or burning during urination, frequent urination, or often feel that something is pressing on urination is. Bedwetting or discharge uncontrolled urine, often caused by a mild infection or stimulation that is diuretic substances (Facilitate urine) such as caffeine (coffee), or stress.

Approximately 20% of women who resembled a discharge of clear liquid milk or spontaneously.
When doing breast self-examination (Breast Self-Examination), will be out fluid from the breast in 50-60% of white women and black women, and 40% Asian-American women.

CAUSE
* It could be: Breast abscess (most common in lactating women)
* Injury to the breast
* The drugs (eg cimetidine, metildopa, metoclopramide, oral contraceptives, fenotiazin, reserpin, tricyclic antidepressants, or verapamil)
* Prolaktioma (tumors in the brain that produces prolactin). Prolactin is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland, which triggers the growth of mammary glands and milk formation.
* Intraduktal papilloma (benign tumor that grows on the lining of the breast)
* Mammary duct (widening and hardening of the breasts due to aging lines and damage).

Nipple discharge is not due to malignancy, almost half are caused by the papilloma and the remainder are caused by changes fibrokista or duct ectasia.
Nipple discharge is a malignancy is only about 10% and almost always unilateral.

SYMPTOMS
Liquids such as milk (cloudy, whitish, thin and not sticky) is the kind of liquid most commonly found and most are caused by lactation (milk formation) or excitation mechanism due to touch your nipples, sucking or irritation of clothing during exercise or other activities.

If the fluid contains blood or watery (serous) the cause is papilloma or infection.

Usually clear liquids, like milk, yellow or green, and out of both nipples, not a sign of breast cancer.
Fluids that contain blood or diluted, especially if only one out of the nipples, is an abnormal fluid, but only about 10% of abnormal fluid malignancy.

Liquid from the nipple need special attention if: Color red or red with a thin, pink or brown
Sticky and translucent color or brown to black (glossy)
Exit spontaneously without the need to massage the nipple
Its settled
Only one out of the nipple (unilateral)
Fluid other than breast milk.

Diagnosis
* Diagnostic tests for nipple discharge include: breast biopsy (if lump is found)
* Cytology fluid
* CT scan of the head (to look for pituitary tumor)
* Mammography
* Levels of serum prolactin
* Transillumination
* Ultrasound breast
* Galaktogram or duktogram (to help find papilloma intraduktal).

TREATMENT
Standard treatment for nipple discharge is not influenced by hormones is cutting the channel.
Cutting a channel is usually done with local anesthesia and the procedure is performed through a small incision in the areola (brown area surrounding the nipple).