First:
Congenital breast disease. From birth there is disorder in the form and nature of the breast.
For example, four breast, or breast enhancements elsewhere.
Anomalies like this are rare, and generally not dangerous.
Another example: breast size is not as big

Second:
Inflammation of the breast. Breasts may be inflamed by many things.
Perhaps because of an abscess or pus deposits in the mammary gland,
There is a blockage or ducts, and the most frequently encountered mammary gland infection
In women who are breastfeeding. We called mastitis.

Third:
Benign breast tumors. The most common form of cyst (fluid-filled balloon-like).
Cyst itself there are several kinds. There were cysts in the mammary gland, there are also other parts.
If overall in the breast, cysts can be big

Fourth:
The most we fear, ie breast cancer or mammary carcinoma.
Cancer in Indonesia is classified as second cancers after cervical cancer
(Cerivis carcinoma uteri), which are malignant.
If the mother breast cancer, these cancers are decreased in children as well.
Often occurs in women who do not have children

Examination of what needs to be done?
After the doctor physically examine the breast, mammography examinations
Is a routine way to detect the existence of something in the breast.
But this examination is now in doubt because often inaccurate.
If the tumor size was too small, often undetectable,
And can also be a false positive. Should not be a tumor, reads as tumors.

Review with biopsy examination is the gold standard for confirmation of what is really growing in the breast.

Approximately 20% of women who resembled a discharge of clear liquid milk or spontaneously.
When doing breast self-examination (Breast Self-Examination), will be out fluid from the breast in 50-60% of white women and black women, and 40% Asian-American women.

CAUSE
* It could be: Breast abscess (most common in lactating women)
* Injury to the breast
* The drugs (eg cimetidine, metildopa, metoclopramide, oral contraceptives, fenotiazin, reserpin, tricyclic antidepressants, or verapamil)
* Prolaktioma (tumors in the brain that produces prolactin). Prolactin is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland, which triggers the growth of mammary glands and milk formation.
* Intraduktal papilloma (benign tumor that grows on the lining of the breast)
* Mammary duct (widening and hardening of the breasts due to aging lines and damage).

Nipple discharge is not due to malignancy, almost half are caused by the papilloma and the remainder are caused by changes fibrokista or duct ectasia.
Nipple discharge is a malignancy is only about 10% and almost always unilateral.

SYMPTOMS
Liquids such as milk (cloudy, whitish, thin and not sticky) is the kind of liquid most commonly found and most are caused by lactation (milk formation) or excitation mechanism due to touch your nipples, sucking or irritation of clothing during exercise or other activities.

If the fluid contains blood or watery (serous) the cause is papilloma or infection.

Usually clear liquids, like milk, yellow or green, and out of both nipples, not a sign of breast cancer.
Fluids that contain blood or diluted, especially if only one out of the nipples, is an abnormal fluid, but only about 10% of abnormal fluid malignancy.

Liquid from the nipple need special attention if: Color red or red with a thin, pink or brown
Sticky and translucent color or brown to black (glossy)
Exit spontaneously without the need to massage the nipple
Its settled
Only one out of the nipple (unilateral)
Fluid other than breast milk.

Diagnosis
* Diagnostic tests for nipple discharge include: breast biopsy (if lump is found)
* Cytology fluid
* CT scan of the head (to look for pituitary tumor)
* Mammography
* Levels of serum prolactin
* Transillumination
* Ultrasound breast
* Galaktogram or duktogram (to help find papilloma intraduktal).

TREATMENT
Standard treatment for nipple discharge is not influenced by hormones is cutting the channel.
Cutting a channel is usually done with local anesthesia and the procedure is performed through a small incision in the areola (brown area surrounding the nipple).

Researchers say this has nothing to do with a mammogram performed at least a fat woman.

According to Dr. Karla Kerlikowske, as reported by Reuters Health, even taking into account how many times they do a screening to detect breast cancer, obese women have a risk of breast cancer 10% higher. As for the possibility of developing the disease becomes more severe for 56 to 82 percent.

In addition researchers also confirmed that it was not because a mammogram is less accurate when performed in women with excess weight. “We can show that the detection of breast tumors can be done easily in those who are overweight.

So the increased risk of this disease is not because not detected by mammogram, “Kerlikowske said.

“It is noteworthy that women routinely perform mammography and keep your weight balanced, two things that can reduce their chance of breast cancer,” added Kerlikoswke, physician San Francisco VA Medical Center and professor of health, epidemiology, and biostatistics University of California, San Francisco.

Since 1996 until 2005, Kerlikoswke and mammography colleagues collected data on 287,115 women who had experienced menopause and hormone therapy. As many as 4446 of them were diagnosed with breast cancer one year after mammography tests.

Researchers found that the risk of these diseases higher on their obesity.

“The reason was probably due to circulating estrogen wanitas obesity rises, so can trigger tumor growth,” said Kerlikowske.

Fortunately, he added, this is a risk factor that can be controlled. How to maintain ideal weight and not consume postmenopausal hormones.

***
High Protein Food and Obesity

FOOD high in protein can help obese people burn more fat, so the results of a small study conducted Marijka Dr Batterham and colleagues from the University of Wollongong, New South Wales.

In this new study Australian scientists to test whether the composition of proteins in different foods affect weight.
They found that people who are overweight to burn more fat when they finished eating foods that contain high protein.

A number of studies have shown that high-protein diets can help people lose weight. Therefore, proteins are better able to suppress the desire to eat than fat or carbohydrates.

This study has not proved, but there is hope that the increased burning of fat can mean weight loss for a long time though. But to ensure it still needed further research.

The findings are published in the journal Nutrition & Dietetics is based on a study of 18 adults with metabolism after eating her tested for three different days. The participants’ average age was 40 years, 8 of them overweight, normal 6, and 4 obesity.

On one day they were given breakfast and lunch menus have been determined, consisting of 58 percent carbohydrates and 14 percent protein. At other times during the two days they made a balanced diet, consisting of one third of calories come from protein, and another third of the carbohydrates.

Eight hours after eating, researchers found that those who are overweight and obese burn less fat than thinner counterparts. However, this difference disappeared when they consume high-protein foods.

Protein-rich foods in question include the low butter fat, lean beef, eggs, combined with vegetables and a source of carbohydrates.

Batterham said he and his colleagues are now testing whether the source of vegetable protein has a similar effect on the metabolism of fat people who are overweight.

***
Weight Loss Cure Diabetes

New Study published in the journal American Health Association (American Medical Association) showed that weight-loss surgery can cure diabetes.

In this study, Australian researchers found that patients who undergo surgery to reduce the size of the stomach has a chance to recover from diabetes two years after the surgery five times higher than those who undergo the standard medical treatment.

“This is the best therapy for diabetes that we have today, and the risk is very low,” said study leader Dr John Dixon of Monash University Medical School in Melbourne, Australia.

Dixon and colleagues studied 60 men with a fat body mass index more than 30 but less than 40. Body mass index, or BMI, a ratio of height versus weight. BMI of 30 or greater is considered obese.

All of these patients had been diagnosed with obesity and type 2 diabetes during the last two years. Their ages average 47 years.
Half of patients undergoing abdominal surgery circumference, while the rest of the usual treatment.

Throughout the study, the research team to observe whether there is the possibility of weight loss through surgery can be an effective treatment for type 2 diabetes.

The result is known as much as 75% of patients who undergo surgery for abdominal circumference, diabetes disappear within two years after surgery. As to those who undergo normal treatment, only 13% are cured of diabetes.

In addition, those who undergo stomach surgery lose weight up to 20.7% after two years, far higher than the weight loss achieved by those undergoing normal treatment, only 1.7%.

“An important finding in this study is the level of weight loss, not the method, seems to be the prime mover and the loss of glycaemic improvement of diabetes in obese patients,” said Dixon.

“This has important implications, because it shows that intensive therapy weight loss may be the first step to more effective against diabetes than changes in simple lifestyle,” he said.

But Dixon says caution is needed in interpreting the long-term benefits of weight loss surgery. (suaramerdeka.com)

cancer_ovarium

The women need to maintain weight because of their excessive weight are at risk of ovarian cancer (ovarian) higher compared with women who are not obese (overweight).

Ovarian cancer is the most common cause of death of all gynecologic cancers. Types of cancer are difficult to treat early because the early stages usually occur almost without symptoms.

Yet there are some symptoms that need to be suspected of ovarian cancer.

In the early stages, the symptoms that arise in the form ganguan menstruation. But unlike cervical cancer can be detected with a pap smear method, then there is no way to detect ovarian cancer.

Until now, not known for certain causes of ovarian cancer. However, the factors of excessive drug use may trigger suspicion of ovarian cancer.

In addition, the use of fertility drugs in the long term is also thought to be
increase the risk of the disease. Genetic factors may also be a reference because as much as 10 percent of sufferers have a family who were also suffering from ovarian cancer.

Now, a study in the United States (U.S.) linking obesity with an increased risk of developing ovarian cancer.

The study involved more than 94,000 women aged 51 to 71 years, who were followed for more than seven years. The results of the study, as quoted by Reuters, showed that women who are obese have a higher chance for ovarian cancer.

Risk was increased among women who never make hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for menopause. Previously conducted studies linking hormone used to reduce the risk of ovarian cancer.

Among women who never did HRT, those who are overweight have a risk of 83 percent higher ovairum cancer than women with normal weight.

The discovery, reported in the journal Cancer also shows that obesity is a risk factor for ovarian cancer that can be controlled.

According to the principal investigator in the study, Dr. Michael L Leitzman of the National Cancer Institute United States (U.S.) in Bethesda, Maryland and the University of Regensburg in Germany, results. study provides one more reason for women to avoid weight gain is not healthy.

“Our data indicate that maintaining a healthy weight associated with a reduced risk of ovarian cancer development,” Leitzmann said.

Not clear why obesity has contributed to ovarian cancer, but maybe it’s related to the effects of excess body fat to levels of estrogen in the body of a woman, says Leitzmann and its partners.

The fact that the risk of ovarian cancer is dependent on the use of HRT to support this theory.

The study also found a link between obesity at age 18 years and an increased risk of ovarian cancer in older age? – An association was even stronger than the link between obesity at age further and ovarian cancer.

Weight in adolescence may be more relevant to ovarian cancer than weight at age further.

Other studies will be undertaken by scientists at the U.S. also showed that women who are obese are more susceptible to malignant ovarian cancer.

Obesity is increasing the risk of developing some types of cancer, but research revealed that fat tissue affects tumor development.

According to research published in the journal Cancer, the fat cells produce hormones or proteins to make developing ovarian cancer more rapidly.

Lead researcher Dr Andrew Li said the study involved 216 women suffering from epithelial ovarian cancer, ovarian cancers are most common, or about 90 percent of all cases.

The study compared 35 women who are obese with the 108 women who had normal weight to see significant differences in the appearance of cancer.

Apparently, obesity affects the body’s resistance. Those who are obese, cancer cells can arise again after the treatment and the risk of death.

To identify ovarian cancer, the American Cancer Society announced the results of cancer experts consensus on ovarian cancer symptoms. Symptoms include swelling in the body, pain in the abdomen and pelvis, loss of appetite, frequent urination and pain during intercourse.

Frequent urination occurs when the tumor is pressing if the rectum or bladder. Can also occur emphasis on stretching or pelvic area causing pain.

Site Dharmais Cancer hospital at an advanced stage mentioned symptoms associated with ascites (accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity) spread to the omentum (abdominal fat) and organs in the abdominal cavity, such as the intestine and liver. Symptoms appear, such as stomach bulge, bloating, nausea, appetite disorders, irritable bowel and urination.

If you find these symptoms, the patient should immediately see a doctor for further tests to detect ovarian cysts or enlargement.

Examination is recommended in women with high risk factors, namely women who had early first menstruation and late menopause, never or difficulty conceiving, a history of ovarian cancer in families, and women with breast cancer and colon cancer.

Ovarian cancer patients reported in Indonesia continues to increase every year.

Ovarian cancer would be much easier to heal if its existence is known in the early stages of growth.